The evolution and future of social engineering: exploiting psychological vulnerabilities in the digital age

Abstract

The study presents the history, evolution, and current threats of social engineering, with a focus on exploiting human psychological vulnerabilities. It discusses both early and modern techniques, such as spear phishing, pretexting, and deepfake manipulation, which are becoming even more targeted with the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. The study also addresses defense strategies, emphasizing the importance of education, technological safeguards, and strict organizational protocols, while highlighting the future risks of social engineering and the need for continuous protective measures.